How a Low Calorie Diet Can Help Arthritis Symptoms

From healthblog.uofmhealth.org

Two Michigan Medicine pain management experts offer diet tips, and a sample recipe, for managing arthritis symptoms

As we age, joints start to ache. Knees hurt getting out of a car or knuckles swell until it’s difficult to open a jar. Joint pain and swelling like this can be signs of arthritis and by 2040, it’s estimated 78 million Americans 18 years or older will have a form of the condition.

One of the most common forms is osteoarthritis, where the smooth cartilage joint surface wears out in an isolated joint. It’s a “wear and tear” arthritis, meaning it can be caused by overuse over time, like knee bending. Another common type of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, is the most common autoimmune disease in the United States, according to Aaron Stubbs, M.D., a rheumatology fellow at Michigan Medicine. In fact, 1.3 million Americans have the condition.

“Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition where cells that deal with infections start attacking the body and joints,” Stubbs says. He adds that although both types of arthritis damage joints, there are a few differences that discern the two.

Osteoarthritis versus rheumatoid arthritis

“Unlike osteoarthritis where you may feel discomfort accumulate after a long day, rheumatoid arthritis often causes more stiffness in the morning,” Stubbs says.

The location of symptoms can be different too, according to Stubbs. In rheumatoid arthritis, the pain will usually start in the hands and feet, only later moving to the knees and other larger joints. This is why many rheumatoid arthritis patients can’t ball their hands into fists, and those with osteoarthritis may not experience that difficulty.

Finally, there are differences in how these types of arthritis cause abnormal blood tests. If someone has rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory markers in the blood will be elevated because it’s part of a systemic inflammatory response. In osteoarthritis, inflammatory markers will be normal or minimally elevated.

The two conditions present differently but both can strike people at any age and have similar risk factors, like smoking and obesity.

Diet and arthritis

“Your weight can play a role in acquiring arthritis, and it most definitely can exacerbate hallmark arthritis symptoms, like joint pain, stiffness, fatigue and difficulty concentrating,” says Andrew Schrepf. Ph.D., a research investigator at Michigan Medicine’s Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Centre.

There’s a well-established relationship between obesity and pain, so diet plays a key part in preventing and managing arthritis symptoms. “A low-calorie Mediterranean diet high in Omega 3 fatty acids and low in Omega-6 fatty acids, specifically,” Schrepf says. “Because even when a new drug does a great job controlling inflammation, it doesn’t mean all the other arthritis features get better.”

He notes that when surveying patients, Schrepf found that the most frustrating symptom of arthritis wasn’t actually the joint pain. It was the chronic fatigue. This led him to believe that there’s an aspect of the disease researchers haven’t figured out yet, and it inspired a study with Amy Rothberg, M.D., Ph.D., director of Michigan Medicine’s Weight Management Program.

The study found that obesity is inherently inflammatory because fat attracts a specific white blood cell from the immune system, and that blood cell releases a pro-inflammatory molecule. These molecules trigger the immune system, which sends a signal to the brain and makes us feel pain.

When obese patients lost 10% or more of their body weight in the Weight Management Program, they had an improvement of pain all over the body, not just the joints. They reported relief in typical symptoms, like having fewer migraines, improved concentration, less abdominal pain and better sleep. Those that had a blood test before and after the program showed a dramatic increase in an anti-inflammatory molecule.

“This is why, aside from exercising, a low calorie diet can help manage arthritis pains,” Schrepf says. “Eating fewer calories can actually change your cells and induce changes in the immune system and combat pain.”

To improve your arthritis symptoms or help prevent the development of rheumatoid arthritis in the first place, try this vegetarian, low calorie, Mediterranean breakfast grab-and-go recipe.

Greek Muffin-Tin Omelettes with Feta & Peppers

What you’ll need

• Cooking spray 
• 2 tablespoons of extra virgin olive oil 
• 3/4 cup diced onion
• 1/4 teaspoon salt, divided
• 1 medium red bell pepper, diced
• 1 tablespoon finely chopped fresh oregano
• 8 large eggs
• 3/4 cup crumbled feta cheese
• 1/2 cup low fat milk
• 1/2 teaspoon ground pepper
• 2 cups chopped fresh spinach
• 1/4 cup sliced kalamata olives

Directions

1. Coat a 12 cup muffin tin with cooking spray and preheat the oven to 325 degrees.
2. Heat the extra virgin olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add the onion and half of your salt and cook/stir until soft (about three minutes).
3. Add the bell pepper and oregano and cook/stir until the vegetables are tender and starting to brown (about four to five minutes more). Remove the skillet from the heat and let it cool.
4. Whisk the eggs, feta, milk, pepper and the remaining 1/8 teaspoon of salt in a large bowl. Then, stir in the spinach, olives and vegetable mixture before dividing among the prepared muffin cups.
5. Bake until firm to the touch (about 25 minutes). Let the muffin-tin cool before removing from the oven.
6. Eat two mini-omelettes per serving for the perfect 226 calorie breakfast!
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